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─────C/C++ Language─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
  Keyword:   enum
 
  Syntax:    enum [tag] {enum-list} [declarator];
             enum tag declarator;
 
  Summary:   Specifies an enumerated type.
 
  See also:  class, struct
 
     An enumerated type is a user-defined type consisting of a set of
     named constants called enumerators. By default, the first
     enumerator has a value of 0, and each successive enumerator is one
     larger than the value of the previous one, unless you explicitly
     specify a value for a particular enumerator. Enumerators do
     not have to have unique values. The name of each enumerator is
     treated as a constant and must be unique within the scope where
     the enum is defined.
 
     Example
 
          enum Days                     // Declare enum type Days
          {
              saturday,                 // saturday = 0 by default
              sunday = 0,               // sunday = 0 as well
              monday,                   // monday = 1
              tuesday,                  // tuesday = 2
              wednesday,                // etc.
              thursday,
              friday
          } today;                      // Variable today has type Days
 
          int  tuesday;                 // Error, redefinition
                                        // of tuesday
 
     In C, you can use the enum keyword and the tag to declare
     variables of the enumerated type. In C++, you can use the tag
     alone. For example:
 
          enum Days yesterday;     // Legal in C and C++
          Days tomorrow;           // Legal in C++ only
 
          yesterday = monday;
 
     An enumerated type is an integral type. An enumerator can be
     promoted to an integer value. However, converting an integer to an
     enumerator requires an explicit cast, and the results are not
     defined. For example:
 
          int i = tuesday;           // Legal; i = 2
          yesterday = 0;             // Error; no conversion
          yesterday = (Days)0;       // Legal, but results undefined
 
     In C++, enumerators defined within a class are accessible only to
     member functions of that class unless qualified with the class
     name (for example, class_name::enumerator). You can use the same
     syntax for explicit access to the type name (class_name::tag).
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